David Fountain pointed out discrepancy in my previous text about UPW ink marking. One source did say the eagle's beak was holding arrows and anther source said it was a snake. I found this representation of the logo. The item in the eagle's beak appears to be an "S". According to Lehner's book on US marks on pottery and porcelain, "The representation of an eagle's head with the letter S in its beak was filed for registration on May 4, 1877, by Thomas Smith and Sons. The S evidently stands for Smith. [id=250697897]